A critical negotiation skill in your purchasing negotiations is how you go about preparing your objectives.
I want to offer you 3 key points that we cover in our negotiation skills training programmes to think about when you are preparing for your negotiations.
1. What is the absolutely ideal result for you in this negotiation?
What would a absolutely wonderful agreement (one that you would be delighted to agree to) look like?
We call this your aspiration base - in other words, the level at which you will aspire to close the agreement.
You should remember that it is key in your negotiation to always ask for a little more than you expect to receive. This means that you should always have an aspiration base that is higher than your desired objective. By asking for a little more than you would like to achieve you enable yourself to make a concession to your counterpart in exchange for a counter concession.
On the upside, you may just get what you regard to be fantastic if you ask for it! Don't make the mistake of making decisions on behalf of your counterpart by saying to yourself they will never go for that .Take note that I am not suggesting that you make extreme requests - extreme requests are very risky and dependent on the cultural context within which you find yourself.
2. What is the absolutely minimum acceptable outcome for you in this negotiation?
At what point will you decide to terminate or postpone your negotiation?
If you do not decide on a specific point at which it will no longer be realistic or attractive for you to close a transaction, then you may become vulnerable to closing a deal that you will not be able to live with. This is important to do as you could easily become emotionally committed to reaching agreement at all cost because you may think that your personal reputation is at stake.
3. What do you think are the aspirations and minimum acceptable transaction levels for your counterpart?
It is also critical that you think about the aspirations and minimum acceptable deal levels from your counterparts point of view. This will never be an exact science but through proper preparation and research of supporting information you may be able to get a good view of what kind of deal is the norm in your line of business or kind of negotiation.
By considering the aspirations and minimum acceptable deal levels from your counterparts point of view, you will be able to identify the agreement range. Being aware of the bargaining range or zone of possible agreement (ZOPA) will help you to see if a deal is possible or not.
Most negotiation training workshops will teach you that the bargaining range is defined as the area of overlap between your minimum acceptable deal level and the minimum acceptable deal levels of your counterpart.
Remember that most of your success in negotiation is dependent on the quality of your preparation. You should spend at least as much time planning for negotiations as you expect to be busy negotiating. If you expect to be in negotiations for a day, then you should spend at least the same time in preparations.
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